Subsidiary or branch?
A comparison of the two main forms in which foreign businesses operate in Poland
Abusive clauses in the life cycle of a consumer contract
In contracts with consumers, intentional or unintentional use of terms that have been held (or could be held) to be abusive may cause major problems for businesses, including financial consequences.
E-commerce: Terms and conditions for online shops
Can the most popular prohibited clauses be permitted if they are worded differently?
Insurers' duties to consumers
Examples from the case law on automobile insurance
A business can win customers by committing to alternative or online dispute resolution
Soon consumers in the European Union may obtain new options for pursuing claims, under the proposed Consumer ADR Directive and the proposed Consumer ODR Regulation. The proposals could also generate benefits for businesses.
Róża Thun: ADR is cheaper and more convenient for businesses than the courts
An interview with Róża Thun, a member of the European Parliament and the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection, about the European Commission’s new initiative for resolving consumer disputes.
The Developers Act and its impact on the real estate market in Poland
The Act on Protection of Rights of Buyers of Residential Units and Single-Family Houses of 16 September 2011—popularly known as the “Developers Act”—went into effect recently.
The requirement for legalisation of foreign official documents
Courts and state offices typically demand legalisation or apostille of official documents issued in another country, but it is not always necessary.
Landmark property: a prestigious address or a white elephant?
In a closely watched case pending before a court in Łódź, the owner of an historically significant house is charged with illegal demolition of the building just before it was covered by formal landmark protection.
Reform of the Russian Civil Code
A bill that would introduce sweeping changes in the Russian Civil Code—affecting the law of obligations, corporate law, civil rights, inheritance and other areas—had its first reading in the State Duma on 27 April 2012.
Poland: legislative amendments could help to better enforce cessation claims under IP law
A problem in protecting intellectual property rights was ensuring the effectiveness of court orders that infringement of those rights cease; a proprietor did not have fully effective measures to be able to enforce such an order.
New interlocutory appeal to the Supreme Court
A change in the Civil Procedure Code enables the parties to seek a ruling from the Supreme Court of Poland when a judgment is vacated on appeal and the case is remanded to the lower court for rehearing. A new interlocutory appeal will be available for thi
